Jeremy Corbyn, antisemitism and the problem of nothingness

Let me be honest: I am not a specialist in French existential philosophy. But as the debate concerning Jeremy Corbyn's handling of accusations of antisemitism within the Labour party shows no sign of abating, I was suddenly reminded of Jean Paul Sartre's classic work, Being and Nothingness. Corbyn's apparent inability or unwillingness to take a clear and definite position on a whole range of topics made me think of "being nothing" and "the art of nothingness" almost as a form of political statecraft – be as vague as you can be on as many issues as possible in order to avoid the unavoidable flack that comes with taking a decision or adopting a position.

Let me also be clear: I am not a specialist in the history of analysis or antisemitism. But I am aware that Sartre's next book, Anti-Semite and Jew, was written shortly after the liberation of Paris from German occupation in 1944. It sought to explain the etiology or roots of hate through a focus on antisemitism.

The main idea was that the "antisemite" was a largely homogenous and identifiable group in society (bourgeois, reactionary, uncomfortable in the modern world, etc.). This group attributed all of its misfortunes and perceived threats to the presence of Jewish people and, through this thought process, divested itself of responsibility for failure or fate. Antisemitism was not therefore a rational "idea" based on evidence and experience, but a deep-seated emotional construct: a negative passion in the form of hatred.

George Orwell was not impressed. "I think Sartre is a bag of wind," he wrote to his publisher "and I'm going to give him a big boot". In Antisemitism in Britain (1945) Orwell suggested that antisemitism was not confined to any one identifiable social strata and was in fact to be found within all classes. Put slightly differently, it was a shared problem and the starting point for any investigation should not be "them" but "me".

"The point is that something, some psychological vitamin, is lacking in modern civilisation", Orwell wrote "and as a result we are all more or less subject to this lunacy of believing that whole races or nations are mysteriously good or mysteriously evil. I defy any modern intellectual to look closely and honestly into his own mind without coming upon nationalistic loyalties and hatreds of one kind or another".

The point that Orwell was making – and which brings me back to Jeremy Corbyn and the problem of nothingness – is that antisemitism is an issue that demands more than half-hearted letters of apology or new disciplinary frameworks. It demands open reflection, a vision for the future and, most of all, political leadership. And leadership appears to be what is lacking.

From bursting onto the political stage and leading the Labour party to a glorious defeat in 2017, Jeremy Corbyn seems to have spent 2018 as the "Where's Wally?" of Westminster. The general sense of absence and anonymity is almost palpable. This has been particularly obvious in relation to Labour's stance on Brexit and came to a head last month when a large number of frustrated anti-Brexit activists chanted "Where's Jeremy Corbyn?" as they marched on Westminster.

The joy of nothing

Nothingness as a political strategy clearly has its benefits. With Theresa May skewered from all sides, saying nothing on as many issues as possible and waiting for the government to implode might appear a rational strategy for the official opposition. But it's not good enough for a country that urgently requires fresh ideas and bold thinking. Which brings me (strangely) back to Sartre.

Sartre's 1944 play No Exit was not a premonition (or prediction) of the UK's current constitutional crisis but a treatise on the existence of hell. Many in the Labour Party now feel themselves trapped within the political equivalent of a Sartre play. Many other people – the vast swathes of the British public that would laugh at the idea of joining a political party – just feel trapped in a world that appears defined by increasing insecurity and growing inequality. This is a time in which the Labour party should have most to offer the British public but it generally appears divided, hesitant, lacking in leadership, unsure of where it is going or why. That's the problem of nothingness.

It was probably for exactly this reason that Sartre concluded his Being and Nothingness with a section entitled "Having, Doing and Being". Could this be a leitmotif for Corbyn to reflect upon over the summer?

Matthew Flinders, Founding Director of the Sir Bernard Crick Centre for the Public Understanding of Politics, University of Sheffield

This article was originally published on The Conversation. Read the original article.